Diabetic patients have an increased risk of osteoporosis-associated fractures. However, the results of most studies of the effects of\ndiabetes on bone mass in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have been contradictory. To clarify these conflicting findings, we\ninvestigated the effects of diabetic serum on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).\nWe used human sera from subjects with different levels of glycemic control to culture the MSCs and induce osteogenic\ndifferentiation. The rate of MSC proliferation differed when MSCs were cultured with sera from diabetic subjects with different\nlevels of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemic sera promoted MSC proliferation to some extent, but all the diabetic sera inhibited the\ndifferentiation of MSCs to osteoblasts. The effects of type 2 diabetic sera on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of\nMSCs are closely related to glycemic control. Our data demonstrate the importance of stratifying the study population\naccording to glycemic control in clinical research into diabetic osteoporosis.
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